Python's Built-in Functions: A Complete Exploration :

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July 01, 2024
Python's Built-in Functions: A Complete Exploration
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Python has many built-in functions that you can use directly without importing anything. These functions cover a wide variety of common programming tasks that include performing math operations, working with built-in data types, processing iterables of data, handling input and output in your programs, working with scopes, and more.

In this tutorial, you’ll:

  • Get to know Python’s built-in functions
  • Learn about common use cases of Python’s built-in functions
  • Use these functions to solve practical problems

To get the most out of this tutorial, you’ll need to be familiar with Python programming, including topics like working with built-in data types, functions, classes, decorators, scopes, and the import system.

Take the Quiz: Test your knowledge with our interactive “Python's Built-in Functions: A Complete Exploration” quiz. You’ll receive a score upon completion to help you track your learning progress:

Python's Built-in Functions: A Complete Exploration

Interactive Quiz

Python's Built-in Functions: A Complete Exploration

Take this quiz to test your knowledge of the available built-in functions in Python. By taking this quiz, you'll deepen your understanding of how to use these functions and the common programming problems they cover, from mathematical computations to Python-specific features.

Built-in Functions in Python

Python has several functions available for you to use directly from anywhere in your code. These functions are known as built-in functions and they cover many common programming problems, from mathematical computations to Python-specific features.

In this tutorial, you’ll learn the basics of Python’s built-in functions. By the end, you’ll know what their use cases are and how they work. To kick things off, you’ll start with those built-in functions related to math computations.

In Python, you’ll find a few built-in functions that take care of common math operations, like computing the absolute value of a number, calculating powers, and more. Here’s a summary of the math-related built-in functions in Python:

Function Description
abs() Calculates the absolute value of a number
divmod() Computes the quotient and remainder of integer division
max() Finds the largest of the given arguments or items in an iterable
min() Finds the smallest of the given arguments or items in an iterable
pow() Raises a number to a power
round() Rounds a floating-point value
sum() Sums the values in an iterable

In the following sections, you’ll learn how these functions work and how to use them in your Python code.

Getting the Absolute Value of a Number: abs()

The absolute value or modulus of a real number is its non-negative value. In other words, the absolute value is the number without its sign. For example, the absolute value of -5 is 5, and the absolute value of 5 is also 5.

Python’s built-in abs() function allows you to quickly compute the absolute value or modulus of a number:

Python 
>>> from decimal import Decimal
>>> from fractions import Fraction

>>> abs(-42)
42
>>> abs(42)
42

>>> abs(-42.42)
42.42
>>> abs(42.42)
42.42

>>> abs(complex("-2+3j"))
3.605551275463989
>>> abs(complex("2+3j"))
3.605551275463989

>>> abs(Fraction("-1/2"))
Fraction(1, 2)
>>> abs(Fraction("1/2"))
Fraction(1, 2)

>>> abs(Decimal("-0.5"))
Decimal('0.5')
>>> abs(Decimal("0.5"))
Decimal('0.5')

In these examples, you compute the absolute value of different numeric types using the abs() function. First, you use integer numbers, then floating-point and complex numbers, and finally, fractional and decimal numbers. In all cases, when you call the function with a negative value, the final result removes the sign.

For a practical example, say that you need to compute the total profits and losses of your company from a month’s transactions:

Python 
>>> transactions = [-200, 300, -100, 500]

>>> incomes = sum(income for income in transactions if income > 0)
>>> expenses = abs(
...     sum(expense for expense in transactions if expense < 0)
... )

>>> print(f"Total incomes: ${incomes}")
Total incomes: $800
>>> print(f"Total expenses: ${expenses}")
Total expenses: $300
>>> print(f"Total profit: ${incomes - expenses}")
Total profit: $500

In this example, to compute the expenses, you use the abs() function to get the absolute value of the expenses, which results in a positive value.

Finding the Quotient and Remainder in Division: divmod()

Python provides a built-in function called divmod() that takes two numbers as arguments and returns a tuple with the quotient and remainder that result from the integer division of the input numbers:

Read the full article at https://realpython.com/python-built-in-functions/ »

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July 01, 2024 at 07:30PM
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